Nickel is silvery-white. hard, malleable, and ductile metal. It is of the iron group and it takes on a high polish. It is a fairly good conductor of heat and electricity. In its familiar compounds nickel is bivalent, although it assumes other valences. It also forms a number of complex compounds. Most nickel compounds are blue or green. Nickel dissolves slowly in dilute acids but, like iron, becomes passive when treated with nitric acid. Finely divided nickel adsorbs hydrogen.
Chemical properties of nickel
|
Atomic number |
28 |
Atomic mass |
58.71 g.mol -1 |
Electronegativity according to Pauling |
1.8 |
Density |
8.9 g.cm-3 at 20°C |
Melting point |
1453 °C |
Boiling point |
2913 °C |
Vanderwaals radius |
0.124 nm |
Ionic radius |
0.069 nm (+2) ; 0.06 nm (+3) |
Isotopes |
10 |
Electronic shell |
[ Ar ] 3d8 4s2 |
Energy of first ionisation |
735 kJ.mol -1 |
Energy of second ionisation |
1753 kJ.mol -1 |
Energy of third ionisation |
3387 kJ.mol -1 |
Standard potential |
- 0.25 V |
Discovered by |
Alex Constedt 1751 |
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