Pure silver is nearly white, lustrous, soft, very ductile, malleable, it is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. It is not a chemically active metal, but it is attacked by nitric acid (forming the nitrate) and by hot concentrated sulfuric acid. It has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, but its greater cost has prevented it from being widely used for electrical purposes.
Silver is almost always monovalent in its compounds, but an oxide, a fluoride, and a sulfide of divalent silver are known. It does not oxidize in air but reacts with the hydrogen sulfide present in the air, forming silver sulfide (tarnish). This is why silver objects need regular cleaning. Silver is stable in water.
Atomic number |
47 |
Atomic mass |
107.87 g.mol -1 |
Electronegativity according to Pauling |
1.9 |
Density |
10.5 g.cm-3 at 20°C |
Melting point |
962 °C |
Boiling point |
2212 °C |
Vanderwaals radius |
0.144 nm |
Ionic radius |
0.126 nm |
Isotopes |
11 |
Electronic shell |
[ Kr ] 4d10 5s1 |
Energy of first ionization |
758 kJ.mol -1 |
Energy of second ionization |
2061 kJ.mol -1 |
Discovered by |
The ancients |
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